Amalambu ezimotobaye baba ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ngomlando wabo othakazelisayo? Kusukela esiqalweni esiphansi kuya emiklamo yesimanje eyinkimbinkimbi, amarobhothi asehambe ibanga elide. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba singena ohambweni oluhehayo lokungena emsuka nasekuthuthukeni kwalawa mathuluzi okulawula umgwaqo.
Isingeniso serobhothi
Amalambu omgwaqo ngokuvamile akhiwa amalambu abomvu (okuveza ukwenqatshelwa kokudlula), amalambu aluhlaza (eveza imvume yokudlula), kanye namalambu aphuzi (okuveza isixwayiso). Ngokwesimo nenjongo yayo, ihlukaniswe ngamalambu amasignali emoto, amalambu amasignali ezimoto okungezona ezemoto, amalambu esignali ye-crosswalk, amalambu esignali yomzila, amalambu ezinkomba, amalambu akhanyayo axwayisayo, amalambu amasignali okuwela umgwaqo kanye nomzila wesitimela, njll.
1. Iziqalo ezithobekile
Umqondo wokulawulwa kwethrafikhi uhlehlela emuva empucukweni yasendulo. ERoma lasendulo, izikhulu zempi zazisebenzisa izimpawu zezandla ukuze zilawule ukuhamba kwezinqola ezidonswa amahhashi. Nokho, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho amarobhothi okuqala kagesi emhlabeni aphuma khona. Lolu cingo lwakhiwe iphoyisa lase-US u-Lester Wire futhi lwafakwa e-Cleveland, e-Ohio ngo-1914. Luqukethe ukumiswa kwamarobhothi kanye nophawu olusebenza ngesandla oluthi “STOP”. Lolu hlelo luye lwathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha emgwaqeni, okwenza amanye amadolobha asebenzise imiklamo efanayo.
2. Ukusa kwamasignali azenzakalelayo
Njengoba izimoto zazivame ukwanda, onjiniyela babona isidingo sezimiso ezisebenza kahle zokulawula izimoto. Ngo-1920, iphoyisa laseDetroit uWilliam Potts waklama irobhothi lokuqala elinemibala emithathu. Lokhu okusha kunciphisa ukudideka komshayeli ngokwethula inhlaka njengesignali yesixwayiso. Izibani zesignali ezizenzakalelayo ekuqaleni bezifakwe izinsimbi zokuxwayisa abahamba ngezinyawo. Nokho, ngo-1930, isimiso semibala emithathu esisijwayele namuhla (esihlanganisa izibani ezibomvu, eziphuzi, neziluhlaza) sase sisebenza futhi sasetshenziswa emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa marobhothi aba yizimpawu ezibonakalayo, izimoto eziqondisayo nabahamba ngezinyawo kalula nje.
3. Inqubekelaphambili yesimanje kanye nokusha
Amalambu omgwaqo abone intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokugeleza kwethrafikhi. Amarobhothi esimanje afakwe izinzwa ezikwazi ukubona ukuthi izimoto zikhona yini, okwenza kube nokuphathwa kahle kwempambanomgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amadolobha ethule izinhlelo zamarobhothi avumelanisiwe, anciphisa ukuminyana futhi anciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amarobhothi afakwe ubuchwepheshe be-LED, obuthuthukisa ukubonakala, bonga amandla, futhi bunciphise izindleko zokulungisa. Lezi zinguquko zivula indlela yezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokuphatha ithrafikhi ezihlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwethrafikhi futhi kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha.
Isiphetho
Kusukela kuzimpawu eziyisisekelo zezandla zaseRoma lasendulo kuya ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ezihlakaniphile zokulawula izimoto, amarobhothi abelokhu eyisisekelo sokugcina ukuhleleka emgwaqeni. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka nokwanda nezinto zokuhamba zithuthuka, amarobhothi ngokungangabazeki azodlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni uhambo lokuya emsebenzini oluphephile noluphumelelayo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezizayo.
U-Qixiang, umkhiqizi wamarobhothi, unocwaningo oluningi kubuchwepheshe be-LED. Onjiniyela bazibophezele ekuhloleni impilo ende yamarobhothi e-LED iminyaka eminingi, futhi banesipiliyoni esicebile sokukhiqiza. Uma unentshisekelo erobhothini, wamukelekile ukuthi usithinte kuFunda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2023
