Amalambu ezimotoseziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, kodwa wake wazibuza ngomlando wazo othakazelisayo? Kusukela ekuqaleni okuthobekile kuya emiklamo yesimanje eyinkimbinkimbi, izibani zomgwaqo sezihambe ibanga elide. Joyina nathi njengoba siqala uhambo oluthakazelisayo oluya ekuqalweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zixhobo zokulawula ithrafikhi ezibalulekile.
Isingeniso ku-traffic light
Izibani zomgwaqo ngokuvamile zakhiwa izibani ezibomvu (ezibonisa ukuvinjelwa kokudlula), izibani eziluhlaza (ezibonisa imvume yokudlula), kanye nezibani eziphuzi (ezibonisa isixwayiso). Ngokwesimo sayo kanye nenhloso yayo, ihlukaniswe ngezibani zezimpawu zezimoto, izibani zezibonakaliso ezingezona izimoto, izibani zezibonakaliso eziwela umgwaqo, izibani zezibonakaliso zomzila, izibani zezinkomba zesiqondiso, izibani zesilumkiso ezikhanyayo, izibani zesibonakaliso zokuwela umgwaqo nesitimela, njll.
1. Iziqalo ezithobekile
Umqondo wokulawulwa kwethrafikhi uqala empucukweni yasendulo. ERoma yasendulo, izikhulu zempi zazisebenzisa izandla ukulawula ukuhamba kwezinqola ezidonswa amahhashi. Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho kwavela khona izibani zokuqala zethrafikhi zikagesi emhlabeni. Le divayisi yathuthukiswa yiphoyisa lase-US uLester Wire futhi yafakwa eCleveland, e-Ohio ngo-1914. Yakhiwe ngokulungiswa kwezibani zethrafikhi kanye nophawu oluthi “STOP” olusetshenziswa ngesandla. Uhlelo luthuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha komgwaqo, okwenza amanye amadolobha asebenzise imiklamo efanayo.
2. Ukuqala kwezimpawu ezizenzakalelayo
Njengoba izimoto zaziba zivamile, onjiniyela baqaphela isidingo sezinhlelo zokulawula ithrafikhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngo-1920, iphoyisa laseDetroit uWilliam Potts laklama isibani sokuqala sethrafikhi esinemibala emithathu. Lokhu kusungula izinto kunciphisa ukudideka kwabashayeli ngokwethula i-amber njengesignali yokuxwayisa. Izibani zesignali ezizenzakalelayo ekuqaleni zazifakwe izinsimbi zokuxwayisa abahamba ngezinyawo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1930, uhlelo lwemibala emithathu esilujwayele namuhla (oluhlanganisa izibani ezibomvu, eziphuzi neziluhlaza) lwalusezingeni elifanele futhi lwasetshenziswa emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zibani zethrafikhi ziba izimpawu ezidumile, eziqondisa izimoto kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo kalula.
3. Intuthuko yesimanje kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha
Izibani zomgwaqo zibone intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, zithuthukisa ukuphepha nokuhamba kwezimoto. Izibani zomgwaqo zesimanje zihlonyiswe ngezinzwa ezibona ukuba khona kwezimoto, okuvumela ukuphathwa kahle kwemigwaqo ehlanganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amadolobha aqalise izinhlelo zezibani zomgwaqo ezivumelanisiwe, okunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izibani zomgwaqo zihlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe be-LED, obuthuthukisa ukubonakala, bonge amandla, futhi bunciphise izindleko zokulungisa. Lezi ntuthuko zivula indlela yezinhlelo zokuphatha izimoto ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwezimoto futhi kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha.
Isiphetho
Kusukela ezimpawini eziyisisekelo zesandla zaseRoma yasendulo kuya ezinhlelweni zokulawula ithrafikhi ezihlakaniphile zanamuhla, izibani zomgwaqo bezilokhu ziyisisekelo sokugcina ukuhleleka emgwaqweni. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka nokukhula futhi ezokuthutha zithuthuka, izibani zomgwaqo ngokungangabazeki zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezizukulwane ezizayo.
UQixiang, umkhiqizi wezibani zomgwaqo, ucwaninga kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe be-LED. Onjiniyela bebelokhu bezibophezele ekuhloleni impilo ende yezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED iminyaka eminingi, futhi banokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile kokukhiqiza. Uma unentshisekelo ngezibani zomgwaqo, wamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi ku-Funda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2023
