Umlando weisilawuli sesignali yethrafikhis iqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho kwakunesidingo esicacile sendlela ehlelekile nephumelelayo yokuphatha ukuhamba kwezimoto. Njengoba inani lezimoto emgwaqweni landa, nesidingo sezinhlelo ezingalawula ngempumelelo ukuhamba kwezimoto ezindaweni zokuhlangana kwemigwaqo siyakhula.
Abalawuli bokuqala bezimpawu zomgwaqo kwakungamadivayisi alula omshini ayesebenzisa uchungechunge lwamagiya kanye nama-lever ukuphatha isikhathi sezimpawu zomgwaqo. Laba balawuli bokuqala babesebenza ngesandla yizikhulu zezimoto, ezazishintsha isignali isuke ebomvu iye eluhlaza ngokususelwa ekuhambeni kwezimoto. Nakuba lolu hlelo luyisinyathelo esifanele, alunazo iziphambeko zalo. Okokuqala, luthembele kakhulu ekwahlulelweni kwezikhulu zezimoto, ezingenza amaphutha noma zithonywe yizici zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo alukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ekuhambeni kwezimoto usuku lonke.
Ngo-1920, isilawuli sokuqala sezimpawu zethrafikhi ezenzakalelayo sathuthukiswa ngempumelelo e-United States. Le nguqulo yokuqala yasebenzisa uchungechunge lwezikhathi ze-electromechanical ukulawula isikhathi sezimpawu zethrafikhi. Nakuba kuyintuthuko enkulu kunesistimu yesandla, isalinganiselwe ekhonweni layo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zethrafikhi ezishintshayo. Kwaze kwaba ngawo-1950 lapho kwathuthukiswa khona abalawuli bezimpawu zethrafikhi bokuqala abavumelana nezimo ngempela. Laba balawuli basebenzisa izinzwa ukuthola ukuba khona kwezimoto ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo nokulungisa isikhathi sezimpawu zethrafikhi ngokufanele. Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lube namandla futhi luphenduleke kalula futhi lungazivumelanisa kangcono nethrafikhi eshintshashintshayo.
Abalawuli bezimpawu zethrafikhi abasekelwe kuma-microprocessor bavele ngawo-1970, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kohlelo. Laba balawuli bayakwazi ukucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha yemigwaqo ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukuphathwa kokuhamba kwethrafikhi okunembile nokuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye abalawuli endaweni ukuze bahlele isikhathi sezimpawu zethrafikhi eceleni komgwaqo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iqhubekile nokuthuthukisa amakhono abalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo. Ukuvela kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwabalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo abaxhumene nenethiwekhi abangaxhumana namanye amadivayisi nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kuvula amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwezimoto nokunciphisa ukuminyana, njengokusebenzisa idatha evela ezimotweni ezixhunyiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhathi sezimpawu.
Namuhla, abalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo bayingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezimoto zanamuhla. Basiza ukugcina izimoto zihamba ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo futhi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha, ukunciphisa ukuminyana, kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola komoya. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka nokukhula futhi eba madolobha, ukubaluleka kwabalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo abaphumelelayo kuzoqhubeka nokukhula.
Ngamafuphi, umlando wabalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo ungomunye wokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Kusukela kumadivayisi alula emishini ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuya kubalawuli abaxhumene abathuthukile banamuhla, ukuvela kwabalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo kuye kwaqhutshwa yisidingo sokuphathwa kwezimoto okuphephile nokuphumelelayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokukhula, silindele intuthuko eyengeziwe kubalawuli bezimpawu zomgwaqo okuzosiza ekudaleni amadolobha ahlakaniphile nazinzile esikhathini esizayo.
Uma unesifiso sezibani zomgwaqo, wamukelekile ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wesilawuli sezimpawu zomgwaqo uQixiang ku-Funda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-23-2024
