Isibani esibomvu sithi “yima”, isibani esiluhlaza sithi “hamba”, kanti isibani esiphuzi sithi “hamba ngokushesha”. Lena ifomula yethrafikhi ebesilokhu siyikhumbula kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa uyazi ukuthi kunganiisibani sokukhanyisa ithrafikhiukhetha obomvu, ophuzi, noluhlaza esikhundleni seminye imibala?
Umbala wezibani ezikhanyayo zethrafikhi
Siyazi ukuthi ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuwuhlobo lwamagagasi kagesi, okuyingxenye ye-spectrum kagesi engabonwa yiso lomuntu. Ngamandla afanayo, uma ubude bobude bokukhanya buphezulu, kulapho amathuba okuthi kusabalale khona mancane, futhi kulapho kuhamba khona ibanga elide. Amagagasi amagagasi kagesi angabonwa ngamehlo abantu abavamile aphakathi kwama-nanometer angu-400 no-760, kanti amagagasi okukhanya kwamaza ahlukene nawo ahlukile. Phakathi kwawo, ububanzi bobude bokukhanya okubomvu bungama-nanometer angu-760 ~ 622; ububanzi bobude bokukhanya okuphuzi bungama-nanometer angu-597 ~ 577; ububanzi bobude bokukhanya okuluhlaza bungama-nanometer angu-577 ~ 492. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyisibani sethrafikhi esiyindilinga noma isibani sethrafikhi somcibisholo, izibani ezikhanyisa ithrafikhi zizohlelwa ngokulandelana kokubomvu, okuphuzi, nokuluhlaza. Okuphezulu noma kwesobunxele kumele kube ukukhanya okubomvu, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuphuzi kuphakathi. Kunesizathu salokhu kuhlelwa - uma i-voltage ingazinzile noma ilanga linamandla kakhulu, ukuhleleka okuqinile kwezibani zesignali kulula ngomshayeli ukukubona, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokushayela.
Umlando wezibani zomgwaqo ezikhanyayo
Izibani zokuqala ezikhanyayo zethrafikhi zenzelwe izitimela hhayi izimoto. Ngenxa yokuthi obomvu unobude obude kakhulu ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, ungabonakala kude kuneminye imibala. Ngakho-ke, usetshenziswa njengesibani sesignali yethrafikhi yezitimela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezici zawo ezikhangayo, amasiko amaningi abheka obomvu njengophawu oluyisixwayiso sengozi.
Okuluhlaza okwesibili kuphuzi kuphela ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, okwenza kube umbala olula ukuwubona. Ezibanini zesitimela zakuqala, okuluhlaza ekuqaleni kwakumelela "isixwayiso", kanti okungenambala noma okumhlophe kwakumelela "zonke izimoto".
Ngokusho kwe-“Railway Signals”, imibala yokuqala ehlukile yezibani zezimpawu zesitimela yayimhlophe, iluhlaza okotshani kanye nebomvu. Isibani esiluhlaza sasibonisa isixwayiso, isibani esimhlophe sasibonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuhamba, kanti isibani esibomvu sasibonisa ukuthi ume ulinde, njengoba kunjalo manje. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, izibani zezibonakaliso ezinemibala ebusuku zisobala kakhulu ezakhiweni ezimnyama, kuyilapho izibani ezimhlophe zingahlanganiswa nanoma yini. Isibonelo, inyanga evamile, izibani, ngisho nezibani ezimhlophe zingahlanganiswa nayo. Kulokhu, umshayeli kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abangele ingozi ngoba akakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle.
Isikhathi sokusungula isibani sesignali esiphuzi sephuzile, futhi umsunguli waso nguHu Ruding waseShayina. Izibani zomgwaqo zokuqala zazinemibala emibili kuphela, obomvu noluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi uHu Ruding efunda e-United States eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala, wayehamba emgwaqweni. Lapho isibani esiluhlaza sikhanya, wayesezoqhubeka lapho imoto ejika idlula eduze kwakhe, yamthusa ukuba aphume emotweni. Ejuluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, weza nomqondo wokusebenzisa isibani sesignali esiphuzi, okungukuthi, ophuzi obonakala kakhulu one-wavelength ebonakalayo elandela obomvu kuphela, futhi ahlale endaweni "yesixwayiso" ukukhumbuza abantu ngengozi.
Ngo-1968, “Isivumelwano Sezimo Zomgwaqo Nezimpawu Zomgwaqo” seZizwe Ezihlangene sachaza incazelo yezibani ezahlukene zomgwaqo ezikhanyayo. Phakathi kwazo, isibani esiphuzi esikhombayo sisetshenziswa njengesignali yokuxwayisa. Izimoto ezibhekene nesibani esiphuzi azikwazi ukuwela umugqa wokuma, kodwa uma imoto iseduze kakhulu nomugqa wokuma futhi ingakwazi ukuma ngokuphepha ngesikhathi, ingangena endaweni yokuhlangana bese ilinda. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo mthethonqubo usetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke.
Okungenhla umbala nomlando wezibani zomgwaqo ezikhanyayo, uma unesifiso sokukhanya kwezibani zomgwaqo, wamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.umkhiqizi wokukhanya kwethrafikhiQixiang ukuzeFunda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2023
