Ilambu elibomvu lithi “stop”, eliluhlaza lithi “hamba”, kanti eliphuzi likhanya “hamba ngokushesha”.Lena indlela yomgwaqo ebesilokhu siyibamba ngekhanda kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa uyazi ukuthi kunganiukukhanya kwethrafikhiukhetha obomvu, ophuzi, noluhlaza esikhundleni seminye imibala?
Umbala wamalambu akhanyayo
Siyazi ukuthi ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuwuhlobo lwamaza kagesi, okuyingxenye ye-electromagnetic spectrum engabonwa ngeso lomuntu.Ngamandla afanayo, uma ubude begagasi bude, mancane amathuba okuba ahlakazeke, futhi lapho ehamba phambili.Ubude begagasi bamaza kagesi obubonwa ngamehlo abantu abajwayelekile buphakathi kwama-nanometers angu-400 no-760, kanye nobude bamaza okukhanya kwamafrikhwensi ahlukene nawo ahlukile.Phakathi kwazo, ububanzi be-wavelength bokukhanya okubomvu yi-760 ~ 622 nanometers;ububanzi be-wavelength bokukhanya okuphuzi ngama-nanometers angu-597~577;ububanzi be-wavelength bokukhanya okuluhlaza ngama-nanometers angu-577~492.Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi irobhothi eliyindilinga noma irobhothi lomcibisholo, amalambu akhanyayo azohlelwa ngokulandelana okubomvu, okuphuzi, nokuluhlaza.Phezulu noma kwesobunxele kufanele kube ukukhanya okubomvu, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuphuzi kuphakathi nendawo.Kunesizathu salokhu kulungiselelwa - uma i-voltage ingazinzile noma ilanga liqine kakhulu, ukuhleleka okuhleliwe kwezibani zesignali kulula ngomshayeli ukukubona, ukuze aqinisekise ukuphepha kokushayela.
Umlando wamarobhothi akhanyayo
Amalambu okuqala akhanyayo aklanyelwe izitimela kunezimoto.Ngenxa yokuthi umbala obomvu unobude beza obude kakhulu ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, ungabonakala ude kuneminye imibala.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa njengelambu lezimpawu zomgwaqo ezitimeleni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezici zayo ezikhangayo, amasiko amaningi abheka umbala obomvu njengesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso sengozi.
Okuluhlaza okwesibili ngemva kokuphuzi ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, okwenza kube umbala okulula ukuwubona.Emalambuni kaloliwe angaphambi kwesikhathi, okuluhlaza kwakufanekisela “isixwayiso”, kuyilapho okungenambala noma okumhlophe kufanekisela “yonke ithrafikhi”.
Ngokusho kwe-"Railway Signals", enye imibala yoqobo yamalambu kaloliwe yayimhlophe, iluhlaza okotshani futhi ibomvu.Ilambu eliluhlaza lalibonisa isexwayiso, ilambu elimhlophe lalibonisa ukuthi kwakuphephile ukuhamba, nelambu elibomvu lalibonisa ukuthi yima futhi ulinde, njengoba kwenzeka manje.Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, izibani zesignali ezinemibala ebusuku zisobala kakhulu ngokumelene nezakhiwo ezimnyama, kuyilapho izibani ezimhlophe zingahlanganiswa nanoma yini.Isibonelo, inyanga evamile, izibani, ngisho nezibani ezimhlophe zingahlanganiswa nayo.Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi umshayeli abangele ingozi ngoba akakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile.
Isikhathi sokusungulwa kokukhanya kwesignali ephuzi sekwephuzile kakhulu, futhi umsunguli wakho ngu-Chinese Hu Ruding.Amarobhothi akuqala abenemibala emibili kuphela, obomvu noluhlaza.Lapho uHu Ruding efunda e-United States eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala, wayehamba emgwaqweni.Kuthe uma ekhanyisa ilambu eliluhlaza esezoqhubekela phambili kwaqhamuka imoto ephendukayo imuthusa emontweni.Ejuluke emakhazeni.Ngakho-ke, waqhamuka nombono wokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwesignali ephuzi, okungukuthi, okuphuzi okubonakalayo okuphezulu nobude obubonakalayo be-wavelength yesibili kuphela ebomvu, futhi uhlale endaweni "yesixwayiso" ukukhumbuza abantu ngengozi.
Ngo-1968, “Isivumelwano Sokuhamba Kwezimoto Zomgwaqo kanye Nezimpawu Zomgwaqo Nezimpawu Zomgwaqo” zeZizwe Ezihlangene sabeka incazelo yamalambu akhanyayo ahlukahlukene.Phakathi kwabo, ukukhanya kwenkomba ephuzi kusetshenziswa njengesignali yesixwayiso.Izimoto ezibheke ukukhanya okuphuzi azikwazi ukuwela umugqa wokuma, kodwa uma imoto isiseduze kakhulu nolayini wokumisa futhi ingakwazi ukuma ngokuphepha ngesikhathi, ingangena ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo bese ilinda.Kusukela lapho, lo mthethonqubo usetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke.
Okungenhla umbala nomlando wamarobhothi akhanyayo, uma uthanda ukukhanya kwethrafikhi, wamukelekile ukuthintanaumkhiqizi wokukhanya okhanyayo wethrafikhiQixiang ukuzeFunda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-17-2023
